Sometimes on the Internet you find a programming pearl and you must share with others what you have found.
Continue reading “MinUnit, an unit test framework for C and a programming pearl”
programming
Bug fixing is really important, it isn’t?
In the result of an external quality audit for a company that I know, I read the following sentence in the improvement section:
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DBus tutorial, a simple server
In this post we will talk about DBus introspection and we will
implement a simple DBus server application.
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Super Light Regular Expression Library
I’ve created a fork of this C one-file-only library when it was beerware licensed. You can find it here:
http://github.com/leonardoce/slre
The updated release of this code is GPL licensed and so you can’t use it in your closed-sourced software if you don’t contact the author to agree on a different license. You can find the original project site here:
DBus tutorial, part 3
In the previous post we have seen how to call a simple method in a DBus exposed object. In this post we will talk about data-types and about properties.
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DBus tutorial, part 2
In the previous post we talked about DBUS buses and connection names. In this post we will have a look other basic concepts: object paths and interface names.
Continue reading “DBus tutorial, part 2”
DBus tutorial using the low-level API
In this post we will be studying DBus and how to use it from the so-called Low-level API. The DBus API documentation says “if you use this low-level API directly, you’re signing up for some pain.”
I don’t think so. Let’s start this journey.
The performance of dynamic strings implementations
Let’s say you want to create a nice string abstract data type to use in your C code. You can end with a structure like this:
typedef struct mstring mstring; struct mstring { int buflen; int len; char *buf; }; mstring *mstring_new() { mstring *result; // insert memory allocation errors check here result = (mstring*)malloc(sizeof(struct mstring)); result->len = 0; result->buflen = 128; result->buf = (char *)malloc(result->buflen); return result; } void mstring_append(mstring *dest, const char *src) { ... }
- the buflen field keeps track of the length of the allocated buffer;
- the len field keeps track of the length of the string, so that you can know the string length in constant time;
- the buf field keeps track of the memory address where the string is allocated. This field will be changed when you reallocate the string when the buffer is full.
It sound nice and you can also have manipulation functions that reallocate the string when necessary. They will be really useful! Let’s try:
mstring *m = mstring_new(); mstring_append(m, "Hi this is me! I'm "); mstring_append(m, myNameHere); printf("%s", m->buf); mstring_delete(m); m=NULL;
This is nice indeed! But is really not that efficient from a memory point of view.
In your heap you will have:
- The string descriptor (12 byte on a 32-bit architecture)
- The string contents (variable length)
Your implementation of the holy tuple malloc
and free
must keep track of the string descriptor and of the strings contents, which can be (and will be) non-contiguous in memory.
You can do really better allocating the string descriptor directly before the string contents and having mstring_new
return the address of the string contents instead of the string descriptor. Your strings will be C-compatible and more efficient.
Let’s try again:
typedef char *fstring; struct fstring_header { int buflen; int len; }; fstring fstring_new() { struct fstring_header *header; fstring result; header = (struct fstring_header*) malloc(128); header->buflen=128-sizeof(struct fstring_header); header->len=0; result = ((char*)header)+sizeof(struct fstring_header); result[0]=0; return result; }
But now your fstring_append
function can’t simply change the buf
field when a buffer reallocation is needed. You must to reallocate the entire string, descriptor included.
fstring* fstring_append(fstring *dest, const char *src) { .... }
So your code will change like this:
fstring *m = fstring_new(); m = fstring_append(m, "Hi this is me! I'm "); m = fstring_append(m, myNameHere); printf("%s", m); fstring_delete(m); m=NULL;
You may say that this is premature optimization but wait! You saved:
- one malloc
- one free
and now the string descriptor is also attached to the string, and your cache will be happy. Really more efficient.
In my tests this string implementation is two times more efficient that the previous.
Want to try a really good dynamic string implementation? Try SDS. This is used in Redis.
You can also try my C all-purpose library here: CommonLib.
Iliad Framework, index page
In this post we will create a page to display the notes that we created with the project notes app. We will use the widget that we have created in the previous lesson to display the current user and we will create a form to search inside notes.
Creating the PnViewNotes widget
Let’s start by creating a new widget that will be the content of the new page:
ILWidget subclass: #PnViewNotes
instanceVariableNames: 'searchstring'
classVariableNames: ''
poolDictionaries: ''
category: 'LeonardoBlog'
We created an instance variable, searchString
, to remember the search string that will used to search inside the notes.
The rendering methods of the PnViewNotes widget
The interesting bits of this example are inside the rendering methods:
contents
!PnViewNotes methodsFor: 'building'!
^ [ :e | e h1 text:'Project notes'.
e p text:'Use this application as a scratch pad. You can
attach to every page a series of tags to ease searching.'.
e build:self searchForm.
e build:self searchResults ]
Let’s present the search form:
!PnViewNotes methodsFor: 'building'!
searchForm
^ [ :e | e form build:[ :form |
form div class:'input-group'; build:[:row |
row a class:'glyphicon glyphicon-plus input-group-addon'; action:[self addNewNote].
row input class:'form-control'; beSubmitOnChange;
attributeAt:'placeholder' put:'Search string';
action:[ :value | searchstring := value. self doSearch ].
] ] ]
As you see we have used the BootstrapJs CSS declarations with the class:
method of elements. When our element doesn’t support an attribute, like the placeholder
attribute and the ILInputElement
objects, we can manually place attributes with the method
attributeAt:put:`.
Another interesting bit is the beSubmitOnChange
method, that will cause the ILInputElement
to call the server every time the user changes the text field content, without waiting for the form to be submitted.
Every time the search string is modified we place the new content in the searchstring
instance variable and we invoke the doSearch
method to search inside the notes.
As we haven’t already implemented the notes DAO we delay the discussion of the doSearch
method, that we implement like this:
!PnViewNotes methodsFor: 'actions'!
doSearch
The same thing happens with the addNewNote
method:
!PnViewNotes methodsFor: 'actions'!
addNewNote
Until we haven’n implemented the PnNote
object and its DAO we delay the implementation of the searchResults
method:
!PnViewNotes methodsFor: 'building'!
searchResults
^ [ :e | ]
In this lesson we left many method unimplemented, but in the following one we implement the PnNote
object and its DAO.
Iliad Framework, a status widget for displaying the current user
In the previous post we completed the users registration form. Now we can use the login form.
To show the current user in the next pages we will implement a current user heading as a widget:
ILWidget subclass: #PnCurrentUserHeading
instanceVariableNames: ''
classVariableNames: ''
poolDictionaries: ''
category: 'LeonardoBlog'
In the contents of this widget we will use the application
method of the ILWidget
class to access the current application and the current user:
!PnCurrentUserHeading methodsFor: 'building'!
contents
^ [ :e |
e div
cssClass: 'navbar navbar-static-top bs-docs-nav';
build: [ :header |
header div
class: 'navbar-brand';
text: 'Project Notes for ' , self application currentuser email.
(header ul
cssClass: 'nav navbar-nav';
li)
build: [ :logout |
logout a
text: 'Logout';
action: [ self logout ] ] ] ]
We also included a logout
action that reset the current user and redirect the application to the login page:
!PnCurrentUserHeading methodsFor: 'actions'!
logout
self application currentuser:nil.
self redirectToLocal: 'login'.
We include this widget in the application class like we have done before with the login and the registration page:
ILApplication subclass: #LcBlogProjectNotes
instanceVariableNames: 'loginWidget registrationWidget currentuser currentUserWidget'
classVariableNames: ''
poolDictionaries: ''
category: 'LeonardoBlog'
!LcBlogProjectNotes methodsFor: 'accessing'!
currentUserWidget
^ currentUserWidget ifNil: [ currentUserWidget := PnCurrentUserHeading new ]
Now we create a new notes
controller:
!LcBlogProjectNotes methodsFor: 'controllers'!
notes
^ [ :e | e build:(self currentUserWidget). ]